Modular personal defense device

ABSTRACT

The modular personal defense device is a hard, rigid, elongate baton that is capable of imparting impact force to an assailant or threat. The exterior may include a series of strengthening ribs, which may also impart further damage to an assailant. The interior is an essentially hollow cylinder configured to accept one of a series of modules. The modules are essentially externally physically identical, but include different electronic circuitry and mechanisms to provide different functions. A silicone controlled rectifier (SCR) electronic stun circuit is provided by one module, for imparting a stunning electrical shock and dissuading an assailant(s) due to the electrical arc produced. Another module produces an extremely bright light either continuously or in rapid pulses, to blind and disorient an assailant. Yet another module produces a piercing sound, while still other modules may be fitted axially or radially to the device to transmit an irritant spray.

REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 10/938,553 filed on Sep. 13, 2004, which is a continuation ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/375,075 filed on Feb. 28, 2003,which issued Sep. 14, 2004 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,791,816, and which is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/084,972,filed on Mar. 1, 2002, which issued Nov. 4, 2003 as U.S. Pat. No.6,643,114.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to nonlethal weaponry and/orpersonal protective devices. More particularly, the present devicecomprises a rigid, elongate nightstick or club configuration having aseries of interchangeable modules for affecting the senses of anassailant. The device may be used conventionally as a handheld impactweapon, i.e., nightstick or the like, and/or may be used with variousinterchangeable modules as a high voltage stun device, high intensitylight or sound emitting device, and/or irritant spray device.

2. Description of the Rekated Art

The use of blunt instruments (nightsticks, etc.) by police and otherpersonnel for crowd control and for subduing other individuals has beenknown for generations. Very little has been done over the years toimprove such handheld impact weapons, other than changing the mass ofdifferent portions to impart greater force upon impact. More recently,electronic devices have been developed that transform a relatively lowbattery voltage into a considerably higher voltage for use as anelectrical stunning device. Such devices are quite effective in subduinga threatening individual, or even a small crowd, as the audible andvisual impression generated by the electrical arc across the contacts isquite intimidating.

Other non-lethal crowd control and defensive weaponry has been developedin the relatively recent past, as well. For example, it has been foundthat extremely bright light focused relatively closely in the eyes of apotentially threatening individual, particularly in relatively darkenedareas, greatly reduces the threat due to the temporary obscuration ofthe threatening individual's vision. So-called “pepper sprays,” usingcapsaicin oils or essences of various pepper plants, have also been usedto impair a potential assailant's vision by chemical means rather thanoptical means. Still another deterrent has been developed, wherein apiercing sound is emitted to temporarily distract and confuse apotential assailant or threat.

Each of the above noted principles or systems may have a greater orlesser effect in different circumstances. An obvious example is wherethe assailant has a weapon, and it is not desirable to approach theindividual close enough to contact him or her with an impact baton orelectrical stun device. In such situations, the use of intense audio,visual, or chemical effects may be sufficient. In other instances,direct contact using a baton and/or electrical stun device may berequired.

Generally, the most suitable device or principle for use in a givensituation is not known very far in advance. Thus, police, securitypersonnel, military, and others who may have need for such devices mustcarry (or at least have access to) all such devices, in addition totheir issued firearm(s) and other equipment. Obviously, the weight andbulk of such multiple systems would greatly impede the movement of suchsecurity personnel and could put such security personnel at greater riskdue to the physical handicap imposed by such an excessive load ofequipment.

It will be recognized from the above discussion that some means ofreducing the sheer number of different articles that must be carried,and/or combining such articles in some way, would be very desirable. Thepresent invention provides a solution to this problem by means of amodular system in which various modules providing various optical,chemical, and/or auditory transmitters may be installed and used asdesired in a single rigid housing. The device also provides for anextension for greater versatility as well.

A discussion of the related art of which the present inventor is aware,and its differences and distinctions from the present invention, isprovided below.

U.S. Pat. No. 427,549 issued on May 13, 1890 to John M. Burton, titled“Electric Prod Pole,” describes two embodiments of such a device. Thefirst embodiment of FIG. 1 is a very low voltage device, as it reliesupon an “element B” (taken to be an electrical storage cell), but doesnot include any means of inverting the current for stepping up thevoltage. The second embodiment uses a mechanical generating device,rather than a battery. In any event, the device of the Burton '549 U.S.Patent is quite long and thin, and is not adapted for use as an impactweapon in addition to its electrical prod function.

U.S. Pat. No. 769,880 issued on Sep. 13, 1904 to Everett J. Trout,titled “Club Or Baton,” describes a nightstick-type device having aseries of rows of selectively retractable and extendible spikes. Thehandle is turned to actuate a cam to extend or retract the spikes asdesired. This prevents an assailant or threat from grabbing the batonwhen the spikes are extended, yet permits the device to be used as aclub when the spikes are retracted, without doing serious damage.

U.S. Pat. No. 1,158,473 issued on Nov. 2, 1915 to William B. Floyd,titled “Electric Animal Prod,” describes a device similar to that of theBurton '549 U.S. Patent described further above. The Floyd prod is alsoa relatively long and thin device, with electrical storage batteriescarried in a larger diameter handle portion. No appreciable mass isprovided in the distal portion of the device, as it is desired to makethe distal portion as light as possible in such devices to facilitatemaneuverability. This teaches away from the present invention, with itsrelatively massive distal portion to provide relatively large inertialforces for use as an impact weapon, as well as providing the desiredstrength and durability for the device.

U.S. Pat. No. 1,823,407 issued on Sep. 15, 1931 to Duane L. Potter,titled “Police Stick,” describes a device having selectively retractableand extendible blades along the majority of its length.

U.S. Pat. No. 2,176,994 issued on Oct. 24, 1939 to Lorentz A. Hansen etal., titled “Electric Stock Prod,” describes a device utilizing aconventional capacitor and vibrator points for producing an alternatingcurrent from the direct current of the electrical storage batterieswithin the device. A coil having primary and secondary windings is usedto step up the voltage to the desired level. This device is capable ofproducing a continuous array of high voltage discharges, unlike thedevices discussed further above. While the circuitry of the Hansen etal. device is old in the art, such circuitry or its equivalents may beused in the present invention, and the disclosure of such isincorporated herein by reference. However, Hansen et al. do not disclosea relatively massive barrel portion for use as an impact weapon, norother means (blades, etc.) for such impact function.

U.S. Pat. No. 2,208,852 issued on Jul. 23, 1940 to Leon P. Mongan,titled “Electric Prodder,” describes a combination device including avoltage step-up circuit and light circuit, each powered by the samebattery power source. The electrical voltage step-up circuitry isessentially the same as that used by Hansen et al. and disclosed in the'994 U.S. Patent discussed immediately above. This basic circuitry maybe used with the present invention, as noted above. In any case, Mongandoes not provide any means for using his device as an impact weapon, andfurther teaches away from the first embodiment of the present stundevice by providing an open circuit until one of the contacts is pushedin. The normally closed high intensity electrical circuit of the firstembodiment of the present personal defense device invention may bedesirable in certain circumstances where the user must manipulate thedevice as an impact weapon simultaneously with actuation of the highvoltage electrical discharge, in that the user need not position his orher hand specifically to hold the switch while also manipulating thedevice. The visual and audible effects of the electrical arcing areactuated under such circumstances to provide a deterrent effect,regardless of the position of the user's hand on the switch.

U.S. Pat. No. 2,266,606 issued on Dec. 16, 1941 to Frederick D. Jones,titled “Patrol Stick,” describes a nightstick-type device with a seriesof fixed spikes extending radially therefrom, with a normally extendedguard therealong. If an assailant or threat grabs the barrel of thestick, he or she applies pressure to the guard, causing the guard toretract and the spikes to be exposed. The device is, thus, more closelyrelated to the device of the Trout '880 U.S. Patent, discussed furtherabove, than to the present invention.

U.S. Pat. No. 2,561,122 issued on Jul. 17, 1951 to John Juergens, titled“Livestock Prod,” describes a device having a spring-mounted distal endwith a selectively operable light source concentric with the annularelectrical contact probes. The light and electric contacts are operatedby a single double-throw switch. Thus, either the light or theelectrical contacts may be actuated, but not both simultaneously.Moreover, the resiliently mounted distal end teaches away from therigid, massive structure of the present personal defense deviceinvention, which may also be used as an impact weapon.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,362,711 issued on Jan. 9, 1968 to LaVerne M. Larsen etal., titled “Night Stick With Electric Shock Means,” describes a stickhaving external high voltage wiring, as well as the conventional highvoltage contacts extending from the distal end of the stick. The objectof the Larsen et al. stick is to prevent unauthorized persons fromgrasping the stick and pulling it from the grip of the officer or otherperson controlling the stick. Larsen et al. disclose a transistorizedcircuit for controlling electrical power in their nightstick, but nomeans of providing alternating current to produce a continuing series ofdischarges is disclosed. The Larsen et al. nightstick requires that theactuating switch be closed each time a single electrical pulse isdesired, with the electrical energy dissipating as the switch remainsclosed and voltage stabilizes through the transformer coil.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,625,222 issued on Dec. 7, 1971 to Kunio Shimizu, titled“Baton-Type Arrest Device,” describes a device having a pair ofelectrically conductive needles selectively extendible from one endthereof. No electrical switch is provided, except by means of currentflow between the two contacts. Shimizu states that by penetrating theskin, the electrical current administered may be much less to gain thedesired affect than that achieved with skin contact electrodes.Accordingly, no voltage step up is provided by Shimizu. Also, whileShimizu provides an axially placed light in one end of his nightstick,the light cannot be directed radially from the side of the device.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,108 issued on Jun. 25, 1974 to Richard J. Jordan,titled “Crowd Control Stick,” describes a device bearing someresemblance to the night stick of the Larsen et al. '711 U.S. Patent,discussed further above. The Jordan stick also includes external highvoltage wiring to preclude an unauthorized person from grabbing thestick and taking it from the operator. However, the Jordan stickutilizes a capacitor discharge system for producing the higher voltagesdesired. In any event, the Jordan stick still differs from the presentdevice in that the power supply for the Jordan device must be providedas a separate unit and connected to the stick with a cable. Also, Jordandoes not provide any form of lighting means, impact enhancing means, orinterchangeable modules for different functions with his stick.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,092,695 issued on May 30, 1978 to Gary A. Henderson etal., titled “Electrical Shocking Device,” describes a relatively smalland lightweight device including transistorized circuitry for producinga high voltage, low amperage current capable of producing an electricshock to a person contacting the electrodes. The Henderson et al. deviceis only about ten inches long and less than an inch in diameter, andweighs less than five ounces (col. 3, lines 41-43). Such size and weightis not suitable for use as an impact weapon, nightstick, or billy club,whereas the present device provides sufficient mass and size to beuseful as an impact weapon as well.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,424,932 issued on Jan. 10, 1984 to Gerald F. Allen,titled “Electric Shock Prod,” describes a device incorporatingconventional transistorized circuitry, which disclosure is incorporatedherein by reference as yet another means of providing the high voltageoutput required for the operation of the present invention. The Allenprod differs from others in that the extension is a relatively thin andflexible blade. This construction clearly teaches away from the aim ofthe present invention, i.e., to serve as a nightstick or impact weaponas well as being useful as an electrical stun device. Allen does notdisclose any form of lighting for his prod device.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,479,171 issued on Oct. 23, 1984 to Gregg B. Mains,titled “Side Arm Baton And Flashlight,” describes a relatively long,cylindrical device having battery storage space therein, a light at oneend thereof, and a radially extended handle with a light switch at theend thereof. No means of producing or dispensing a high voltageelectrical current or shock is provided by Mains for his light and batoncombination.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,486,807 issued on Dec. 4, 1984 to Serge J. Yanez, titled“Non-Lethal Self Defense Device,” describes various embodiments of anelectrical stun apparatus, having different configurations. Yanezincludes a light with his electrical discharge apparatus, but the lightis not intended to provide any real degree of illumination for theperson using the device. Rather, the Yanez light pulses or flashes withthe voltage output, producing a series of flashes to temporarily blindan assailant. Accordingly, no separate switch is provided to operate thelight for the Yanez device; both the light and the electrical voltageoutput (and an audible alarm, when installed) are controlled by a singleswitch, unlike the present invention.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,667,431 issued on May 26, 1987 to Lyle J. Mendicino,titled “Shark Prod,” describes an electrical device that emits arelatively low voltage (around 500 volts) and high amperage (1-5 amps),in comparison with electrical stun devices and cattle prods. This isbecause the diver is also subject to the electrical current,particularly in the salty ocean environment of sharks. Accordingly,Mendicino teaches away from the use of a high voltage, low amperagecurrent as used by the present invention. Moreover, the only lightprovided by Mendicino is an annunciator light to indicate operation ofthe device, and actual actuation of the electrical circuitry isaccomplished by contact with the probes, rather than by means of anoperator controlled switch.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,719,534 issued on Jan. 12, 1988 to Gary S. Ward, titled“Electric Shock Safety Device,” describes a stun type device having atelescoping probe end, with the probe comprising a series of mutuallytelescoping elements. The Ward device is more intended for use byjoggers and bicyclists against threatening dogs and the like. Therelatively thin and extended telescoped probe cannot provide therequired strength for use as an impact weapon (night stick or the like),as provided by the present multipurpose device. Moreover, Ward does notprovide any form of lighting with his device.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,842,277 issued on Jun. 27, 1989 to Eugene F. LaCroix,titled “Multi-Purpose Baton,” describes a device somewhat resembling theflashlight and baton apparatus of the Mains '171 U.S. Patent, with itslaterally disposed handgrip. However, LaCroix also provides a series oflongitudinally disposed electrical conductors along the length of thedevice, similarly to the configuration of the device of the Jordan '108U.S. Patent discussed further above. LaCroix also provides a lighthaving sufficient intensity to temporarily blind a potential assailant,rather than to provide any useful illumination for the user of thedevice. At least one embodiment of the present personal defense devicemay incorporate such a high intensity light, with the light alsoproviding illumination as desired or required. The lateral extension ofthe LaCroix device does not facilitate its use as an impact weapon, asprovided by the generally cylindrical configuration of the presentdevice.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,467,247 issued on Nov. 14, 1995 to Richard N. de Anda etal., titled “Electronic Stunning Apparatus,” describes a device havingconcealed electrical contacts that are not exposed until the device ispressed against another body. The de Anda et al. device is relativelysmall, being about the size of a flashlight. It is thus not suitable foruse as an impact weapon, as provided by the present invention. The deAnda et al. device more closely resembles the relatively small devicedisclosed in the '695 U.S. Patent to Henderson et al., than it does thepresent personal defense device. Moreover, de Anda et al. do notdisclose any form of lighting with their device, and the concealedelectrical contacts cannot provide a visible display of electricaldischarge to dissuade a potential attacker.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,654,867 issued on Aug. 5, 1997 to John H. Murray, titled“Immobilization Weapon,” describes a handheld device with a pair ofelongated flexible electrodes and a set of electrodes that can beballistically fired at another person in order to deliver an electricalshock remotely. The Murray device has a square section, pistol gripconfiguration with a relatively short upper portion for firing theballistically delivered electrodes. The two elongated electrodesextending from the Murray device extend from the top of the device abovethe pistol grip portion. The physical configuration of the Murray devicedoes not enable it to be used as an impact weapon, e.g., nightstick,etc., as can the present device.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,962,806 issued on Oct. 5, 1999 to Peter G. Coakley etal., titled “Non-Lethal Projectile For Delivering An Electric Shock To ALiving Target,” describes a series of embodiments for ballisticallylaunching an independent device capable of delivering an electric shockto a living target. The shocking device of the Coakley et al. apparatusis not connected to the firing weapon in any way, as by wires, etc., asused in some projectile firing devices of the related art. Thus, theelectrical device cannot be controlled once it leaves the weapon. Also,while Coakley et al. disclose baton and flashlight embodiments of theirprojectile and delivery device, they do not provide a device having allof the features of the present invention.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,986,872 issued on Nov. 16, 1999 to Eugene M. Chaput,titled “Multi-Component Electric Stunning Umbrella,” describes a devicehaving electrical storage cell and electronic component means in thehandle, with electrical wiring extending up the relatively narrow shaftthereof to a distal tip having a pair of stunning electrodes therein. Amore or less conventional umbrella is extendible from the tip,permitting the device to be used as an umbrella as desired. A hardplastic cover may be installed over the folded umbrella, as desired.Chaput states that this hard plastic cover permits the device to be usedas a baton or impact weapon, but this would require that the plasticsleeve be installed over the folded umbrella whenever the potential needof an impact weapon was foreseen. Moreover, while Chaput providesadditional electrodes along the sides of the impact sleeve, he does notprovide any additional ribs or blades to increase the effectiveness ofthe device as an impact weapon, as provided by the present personaldefense device.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,022,120 issued on Feb. 8, 2000 to Hung-Yi Chang, titled“Lighting Device For A Stun Gun,” describes a separate flashlight typedevice with the light beam oriented axially relative to the remainder ofthe device. The Chang assembly cannot be used as an impact weapon, as itis relatively short and compact, with the operating switches located atthe approximate midpoints along the opposite sides thereof.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,091,597 issued on Jul. 18, 2000 to Ming-Chen Lin, titled“Structure Of An Electric Shock Device,” describes a device having aseries of selectively extendible telescoping sections. The sections eachhave electrodes extending along their opposite sides, but no tipelectrodes are provided. Also, while the Lin device includes aflashlight, the light is oriented parallel to the length of the device,rather than being radially disposed to the length of the device.Moreover, the hollow telescoping tubes of the Lin device do not appearto provide sufficient strength for use as an impact weapon (baton,etc.), and Lin makes no disclosure or claim of such function for hisdevice.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,256,916 issued on Jul. 10, 2001 to Thomas V. McNulty,titled “Stun Gun,” describes a device having a short, pistol gripconfiguration with a trapezoidal head extending therefrom. The twoelectrical contacts are on adjacent faces of the trapezoid, angularlyseparated from one another. McNulty states that this causes thetrapezoidal shape to compress the muscle tissue of the subject beforeboth contacts are in contact with the skin, thus providing a greaterelectric shock effect and muscle contraction. The McNulty device moreclosely resembles the device of the '867 U.S. Patent to Murray,discussed further above, than it does the present invention. McNultyalso provides a ballistically fired device having electrical stunningcontacts with his device. However, the relatively short length of theMcNulty stun device is not suitable for use as an impact weapon orbaton, and no lighting means is provided by McNulty for his device.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,293,684 issued on Sep. 25, 2001 to Edward L. Riblett,titled “Wand Light,” describes a signaling light housed in an elongatebaton or the like. The colors and intensities of the lights may beselectively adjusted as desired.

U.S. Pat. No. D-255,139 issued on May 27, 1980 to James A. Smith, titled“Electric Baton For Law Enforcement Personnel,” illustrates a designcomprising a relatively short, generally cylindrical device. Anelectrical switch is apparently provided at about the midpoint of thedevice, which further precludes its use as an impact weapon or baton. Noadditional impact ribs, blades, or lighting means are apparent in theSmith design.

U.S. Pat. No. D-273,216 issued on Mar. 27, 1984 to Harold S. Sinrod,titled “Multi-Purpose Defense Baton,” illustrates various embodiments ofa design comprising a relatively narrow, elongated cylindrical shapewith a hand guard between a handle portion and longer distal portion. Noelectrical function of any sort is apparent in the Sinrod design.

U.S. Pat. No. D-289,313 issued on Apr. 14, 1987 to More Shy, titled“Hand-Held Electric Prod,” illustrates a design having a generallycylindrical shape with a hand guard adjacent one end. No disclosure ismade of any function as an impact weapon, nor is any lighting meansshown for the design. The Shy design more closely resembles the designof the '216 U.S. Design Patent to Sinrod, discussed above, than it doesthe present invention.

U.S. Pat. No. D-329,510 issued on Sep. 15, 1992 to Hsiung Lin, tiled“Hand-Held Electric Prod,” illustrates a design comprising a relativelyshort, generally cylindrical device having a hand guard between a handleportion and distal portion. The Lin device thus more closely resemblesthe device of the de Anda et al. '247 U.S. Patent, discussed furtherabove, than it does the present personal defense device. While nostatement of such is made in the Lin Design Patent, it appears that theelectrodes are disposed along the opposite sides of the distal endportion of the device, rather than from the end, as in the presentdevice.

U.S. Pat. No. D-351,640 issued on Oct. 18, 1994 to Richard N. de Anda etal., titled “Electronic Stunning Weapon,” illustrates a designapparently identical to the device of the '247 U.S. Utility Patentissued to the same inventors and filed on even date, discussed furtherabove. The same points of difference raised in the discussion of the deAnda et al. '247 U.S. Utility Patent, are seen to apply here as well.

Finally, British Patent Publication No. 2,196,728 published on May 5,1988 to Chun Chang Kuo, titled “Flash Light,” describes an apparatuswhich is actually a combination of several devices. The Kuo apparatusincludes an axial flashlight, as well as selectively extendibleelectrical probes for the device to serve as a stun weapon if sodesired. Moreover, the Kuo apparatus includes an audible warning system,e.g., a buzzer or siren, and the flashlight may be used as a visualwarning device as well. However, Kuo makes no statement or claim thathis apparatus is suitable for use as an impact weapon (baton, etc.). Thelight is disposed in the distal end of the device, and it isquestionable whether the light, as well as other componentry, wouldstand up to the forces resulting from use of the device as an impactweapon.

None of the above inventions and patents, taken either singly or incombination, is seen to describe the instant invention as claimed. Thus,a modular personal defense device solving the aforementioned problems isdesired.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The modular personal defense device provides a wide array of differentfunctions, which are, in turn, provided by different interchangeablemodules that may be installed within the device. The basic configurationof the defense device is a hard-shelled, elongated baton or the like,which may be used as an impact weapon or tool as required. Additionalstrength is provided to the barrel of the device by a series oflongitudinal ribs, which also serve as shallow edges to impart furtherdamage. The device includes a module having an electrical stun modulewith a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) electrical circuit, whichproduces an output voltage of tens of thousands of volts across a pairof spaced apart electrodes at the distal end of the device. This issufficient to impart a stunning shock to an assailant or threat, andproduces an essentially continuous electrical arc across the points todissuade an assailant.

The electrical stun module may be interchanged with other modules thatare essentially externally identical physically to one another. One suchmodule may incorporate superbright LED lighting components totemporarily blind an assailant. The lighting may be caused to flickerrapidly, an effect that is known to produce disorientation, emotionalchanges, and/or other effects in persons. Another module may be used toproduce a piercing sound to temporarily dissuade an assailant or threat.Still another module may be installed axially or radially to actuate anirritant spray canister or the like (e.g., pepper spray or Mace®, etc.),thus providing a chemical deterrent. The dual actuating switchesprovided enable a user to actuate the various functions, particularlythe electrical stun and light circuitry, in a momentary or continuouslyactuated manner. The device may also be removably attached to a lethalweapon, e.g., an M-16 rifle, by means of a conventional attachmentmechanism.

These and other features of the present invention will become readilyapparent upon further review of the following specification anddrawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a modular personal defense deviceaccording to the present invention, showing its general configuration.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the modular personal defensedevice of FIG. 1, showing interchangeable modules and additionalinternal details.

FIG. 3 is an electrical schematic diagram for the electronic stun moduleof the modular personal defense device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a right side elevation view of the present modular personaldefense device of the present invention removably secured to a firearm.

FIG. 5 is a partially broken away side elevation view of an embodimentof the modular personal defense device of the present invention havingan extension rod attached axially thereto, with an irritant spraycanister disposed in the distal end of the extension rod.

FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of the modularpersonal defense device of the present invention with an axial extensionrod, showing their removable attachment to one another.

FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of the modularpersonal defense device with a removable, radially disposed irritantspray canister and handle.

FIG. 8 is a detailed cross sectional view of the radially disposedirritant spray canister and handle of FIG. 7, showing further detailsthereof.

Similar reference characters denote corresponding features consistentlythroughout the attached drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention comprises various embodiments of a personaldefense device. My prior U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,643,114, issued Nov. 4, 2003,and 6,791,816, issued Sep. 14, 2004, both of which are herebyincorporated by reference, describe improvements in baton-style personaldefense devices. The present application describes further improvementsin baton-style personal defense devices in which various defensiveoutput modules providing various defensive or deterrent effects orfunctions may be installed interchangeably with one another. The variousoutput modules are enclosed within a rigid, hard baton that serves as animpact weapon, i.e., a nightstick like device.

FIG. 1 of the drawings provides a perspective view of a personal defensedevice 10 having an electrical stun output end cap 12 installed thereon.The defense device 10 basically comprises a hard, rigid, elongate,hollow baton 14 having a concentric handle portion 16 and handle end 18,with an impact portion 20 opposite the handle portion 16 and end 18. Theimpact portion 20 of the device preferably includes a series ofexternal, radially spaced, longitudinally disposed, baton-strengtheningimpact ribs 22. The impact ribs serve as blunt edges to inflict furthertrauma upon an assailant or threat when the device is used as an impactweapon, and also serve to stiffen the hollow structure as well. Theimpact portion 20 of the device also serves as a housing for variousinterchangeable output modules, while the opposite handle portion 16serves as an electrical storage cell or battery housing. Batteries areaccessed by means of a removable handle end cap 24.

FIG. 2 provides an exploded perspective view of the defense device 10,illustrating various internal components as well as two of theinterchangeable output modules that may be used with the device. Thehollow baton 14 may be formed of various hard, high-density plasticand/or composite materials, as two hollow, generally semicylindricalcomponents. A blend of polycarbonate and polybutylene terephthalate hasbeen found to work well due to its chemical and impact properties, itshigh and low temperature resistance, as well as its electricalinsulation properties. The hollow shell serves as a housing for abattery pack 26 or the like installed in the handle portion 16, and oneof a series of interchangeable output modules, e.g., electrical stunmodule 28 or alternative module 30, removably installed within theimpact portion 20 of the device. The physical output of the device 10,i.e., high voltage electrical arc, piercing sound, high intensity light,etc., depends upon the specific module installed. Novelsilicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) circuitry is shown schematically inFIG. 3 and described in detail further below for operating theelectrical stun module 28. Other output modules 30, e.g., high intensitylight emitting devices, high intensity, piercing sound emitting devices,etc., may use conventional apparatus and circuitry to produce theirlight and sound emissions, as desired. Still other output modules mayinclude some form of irritant spray (e.g., pepper spray, Mace®, etc.),as shown in FIG. 5, in combination with another modular component of thepersonal defense device described further below. All such modules areessentially identical externally to provide for their interchangeabilitywithin the baton 14, with all electrical contacts being identicallypositioned on the modules in order to allow the same actuating switchesof the baton to be used for all modules.

While two halves are shown in FIG. 2 for the baton 14, it will beunderstood that they are normally permanently assembled with one anotherat the time of manufacture. The separation of the two baton halves 14 inFIG. 2 is shown in order to more clearly illustrate the variouspermanently installed components, as well as removable components, suchas the battery pack 26 and interchangeable modules 28 and 30. However,the battery pack 26 and interchangeable modules 28 and 30 are normallyaccessed for removal and replacement through their respective end caps24 and 12 (or other output module end cap, depending upon the type ofmodule installed).

The device 10 also includes a generally radially disposed light 32residing in an internal heat sink 34 within the medial portion of thedevice. Power for the light 32 is provided by the battery pack 26. Twoseparate actuation switches 36 and 38 are provided for the device, withtheir function depending upon their respective actuation and thephysical output of the module installed. The output module master switch36 is located just forward of the handle portion 16 of the device, andcomprises a pushbutton switch that remains engaged with the selectedpole or contacts, i.e., functioning as a “toggle” switch. When theswitch 36 is depressed, it alternatively actuates and deactivates theoutput module installed, e.g., the electric stun module 28, to produce acontinuous output when activated. The output module interrupt switch 38is disposed to the opposite side of the device, and comprises a normallyoff pushbutton switch connected through the output module master switch36, and serves to open the output module contacts of the master switch36 when depressed. Thus, when the output module master switch 36 isclosed, the output module (e.g., spark discharge) operates continuallyuntil interrupted by holding the interrupt switch 38. The output modulemaster switch 36 also includes a second set of contacts that are closedwhen the output module contacts are open. The interrupt switch 38 andlight 32 are wired through this second contact set, to allow operationof the light 32 by means of the output module interrupt switch 38whenever the output module is not in operation.

The personal defense device 10 may contain any of a number of differenttypes of modules, as noted further above. One of the modules that may beincluded with the device 10 is an electrical stun discharge module 28,as shown in FIG. 2, with an exemplary electrical system being shown inFIG. 3. The circuit of FIG. 3 is novel for use in an electronic stundevice, as it employs silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) technology,rather than using the spark gap principle as used in other devices ofthe related art. Although described for use with replaceable modules,such as electrical stun module 28, it will be understood that thecircuit of FIG. 3 may be used without a replaceable module, e.g., toreplace stun circuits in conventional, permanently wired batons or stunguns.

The circuit of FIG. 3 receives power from the two contacts E1 and E2,which provide power from the battery pack 26, which is preferably a12-volt lithium ion battery or equivalent. Electrical power passesthrough a fuse F1 and filtering circuit C1, C2, and R1 to a bridgedriver controller integrated circuit U1, which contains an oscillatorand a pair of MOSFET drivers. R4 and C3 set a switching frequency, e.g.,30 kHz, for a high-voltage switching converter. Two metal oxidesemiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) devices Q1 and Q2 areswitches, which alternately charge and discharge the capacitor group C5Athrough C5D to drive the high voltage transformer T1. Coil L2 limits thecharging current. The transformer steps up the voltage to a desiredlevel, e.g., a 290:1 ratio. The alternating current from the transformerT1 is rectified by high voltage diodes CR101 through CR108, employed ina bridge-type circuit. Output from the diode bridge CR101 through CR103charges the capacitor C103 across another circuit comprising capacitors0101, C102 and resistors R101 through R106.

Primary voltage from the transformer T1 is sensed by U201 and c201. Whenvoltages at the primary of transformer exceeds a predetermined limit,e.g., 5.2 volts, a fast gate driver circuit built around Q201 provides apulse of current to the gate of SCR CR201, turning the SCR on. Thiscircuit provides a rapid turn-on for the SCR for minimal losses betweenthe capacitor C103 and the step-up side of the transformer T1. Thiscircuit provides a low amperage, rapidly pulsing current across the twopoints E3 and E4 (shown extending from the electrical discharge cap 12in FIGS. 1 and 2) which can be greater than 50,000 volts at a frequencygreater than 60 Hz, depending upon battery pack power and the values ofthe electronic components selected. Once triggered, the SCR stays onuntil the output capacitor C103 discharges top a low voltage. The amountof capacitance determines the intensity and duration of the arc acrossE3 and E4. The use of an SCR to control the rapid switching of thecircuit, rather than a conventional spark gap switch, results in adevice having a much longer lifespan than the conventional spark gapdevice. Moreover, the arc rate can be increased to over 100 Hz and stillretain thermal stability. The above-described circuit as shown in FIG. 3of the drawings is preferably “potted” or encapsulated in a plasticresin or other suitable material for greater durability when the batonis used as an impact weapon.

FIG. 4 of the drawings provides a side elevation view of the personaldefense device 10 removably attached to a lethal weapon W, e.g., an M-16rifle. The device 10 may include conventional “Pickatinny Rail”attachment fittings 40 extending therefrom, as is known in the art, orother attachment or bracketry means may be used. The discharge end cap,e.g., the electrical discharge cap 12 for the electrical dischargemodule 28, preferably extends at least slightly beyond the muzzle M ofthe weapon W when the personal defense device 10 is attached thereto, inorder to enable direct contact of the discharge cap against an assailantor threatening individual when required.

FIGS. 5 and 6 respectively provide side elevation in partial section andexploded perspective views of an embodiment of the defense device 10 incombination with an elongate extension rod or module 42. The extensionrod 42 secures removably and concentrically to the handle end cap 24 ofthe device 10, and includes a distal end 44 (shown in section in FIG. 5)having a chamber 46 removably housing a pepper spray, Mace®, or otherirritant spray cartridge C therein. The opposite attachment end 48 ofthe rod 42 includes a relatively larger diameter flange 50 extendingtherefrom, with the flange 50 having a diameter essentially identical tothe diameter of the handle end cap 24 of the baton 14, i.e., at leastslightly larger than the diameter of the handle portion 1 6 of thedevice. A pair of opposed, semicylindrical clamps 52 having opposedinwardly disposed lips 54 is placed about the handle end cap 24 of thebaton 14 and flange 50 of the extension rod attachment end 48, to clampthe extension rod 42 concentrically to the baton 14. The twosemicylindrical clamps 52 are held together by a sleeve 56, whichinstalls removably over the two clamps 52. A setscrew 58 or the like maybe used to secure the sleeve 56 to the clamps 52.

FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate an alternative, radially attached irritantspray canister for the personal defense device 10. The radially attachedcanister 60 differs somewhat from the conventional cartridge C removablyinstalled in the distal end 44 of the extension rod 42, as the canister60 contains a spray cartridge C therein (shown in section in FIG. 8) andincludes means for removably securing the device to the baton 14,precluding inadvertent activation, and adjusting and securing thedirection of the spray as desired. The spray canister 60 includes anattachment end 62 having a flexible cylindrical band 64 extendingtherefrom. A bolt 66 (shown in FIG. 8) secures the band 64 through acollar 68 to the attachment end 62 of the canister 60.

The canister 60 is secured to the barrel of the baton 14 by passing theflexible band 64 over the baton from one end or the other, andpositioning it as desired. The canister 60 is then rotated to tighten itagainst the bolt 66, thereby drawing the head of the bolt 66 (and theband 64 attached thereto) into the end of the collar 68 to tighten thegrip of the band 64 about the body of the baton 14. The assembly islocked in position to preclude inadvertent unthreading of the canister60, by one or more pins 70 in the collar which engage a series of teeth72 within the attachment end 62 of the canister 60. A release button 74extending from the side of the collar 68 lifts the pin(s) 70 from theirengagement with the teeth 72, to allow the canister to be unscrewed toloosen the band 64.

The opposite spray output end 76 of the canister 60 is configured sothat the spray is discharged radially from the axis of the canister,rather than axially. A selectively rotating, directionally adjustableoutlet and guard cap assembly 78 secures over the output end 76 of thecanister, and secures the irritant spray cartridge C therein. The outletand guard cap 78 includes one or more pins 80, similar to the pin(s) 70of the attachment end collar 68, which are relatively affixed within therotating spray output end and engage the body of the canister 60. Arelease button 82 causes the pins 80 to withdraw from their engagementwith the canister 60, thereby allowing the outlet and guard cap 78 to berotated to the desired orientation. A protective guard cap or cover 84is provided to preclude inadvertent discharge of the spray.

In conclusion, the modular personal defense device, in its variousembodiments, greatly increases the versatility and the choices of theuser in reacting to a threat. The device may be used in the classicmanner in close hand-to-hand combat where the use of physical force iscalled for, and/or the electronic stun module may be installed andactivated to hold would-be assailants or threatening persons at bay, orto deliver a momentary stunning electrical shock to excessivelyaggressive persons. The defense device may also be used to providedeterrence at some distance, by means of the interchangeable light andsound emitting modules. These light and sound modules incorporateconventional principles of operation, but their identical externalconfigurations to the electrical stun module, and to one another, enablethem to be installed interchangeably with the same control switch systembeing used for actuation of any of the modules when installed.

It will be seen that at least some of the above modules may be providedfor use as a private deterrent device for the homeowner, as well, e.g.,smaller versions using the light, sound, and/or irritant spray modulesor devices. The light module may provide an extremely bright, steadylight, or may be set to flash at a rate of several times per second,which is known to induce various psychological effects ranging fromirritation and distraction to seizures in subjects.

In addition to the above, the provision for an irritant spray dispensingdevice disposed in the distal end of an extension rod or radiallydisposed from the device itself, provides even greater versatility andchoice for the user of the device. Provision for attachment to a lethalweapon using conventional attachment fittings, enables the device to besecured to any military or other weapon equipped with such conventionalfittings. Thus, the present modular personal defense device will proveto be a most valuable article of equipment for police, militarypersonnel, security forces, and virtually any authorized personnel whohave need for a non-lethal personnel control device.

It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to theembodiments described above, but encompasses any and all embodimentswithin the scope of the following claims.

1. A modular personal defense device, comprising: a hard, rigid,elongate, hollow baton having a handle portion with a handle end and animpact portion opposite the handle portion and handle end; a replaceableoutput module removably installed within the impact portion of saidbaton; and an output end cap removably disposed upon the impact portionopposite the handle end, the end cap securing the output module withinthe impact portion of the baton.
 2. The modular personal defense deviceaccording to claim 1, further including at least one lethal weaponattachment fitting disposed upon said baton.
 3. The modular personaldefense device according to claim 1, further including an elongateextension rod selectively attached concentrically to the handle end, theextension rod having a distal end and an irritant spray cartridgechamber defined in the distal end adapted for receiving an irritantspray cartridge.
 4. The modular personal defense device according toclaim 1, further including: an irritant spray canister removablyattached to, and radially disposed from, the impact portion of saidbaton, said canister having an output end; and a directionallyadjustable outlet and guard cap assembly disposed over the output end ofsaid irritant spray canister.
 5. The modular personal defense deviceaccording to claim 1, further including a plurality of impact ribslongitudinally and externally disposed along the impact portion of saidbaton.
 6. The modular personal defense device according to claim 1,wherein said output module is selected from the group consisting of highintensity electrical discharge modules, high intensity sound emittingmodules, and high intensity light emitting modules.
 7. The modularpersonal defense device according to claim 1, wherein said handle enddefines a battery compartment having electrical contacts adapted formating with electrical contacts disposed on said output module, thedevice further including: an output module master switch; and an outputmodule interrupt switch, the master switch and the interrupt switchbeing connected in series with the battery compartment electricalcontacts.
 8. A modular personal defense device, comprising: a hard,rigid, elongate, hollow baton having a handle portion with a handle endand an impact portion opposite the handle portion and handle end; abattery removably installed within the handle; a plurality of externalelectrical contacts located on an output end cap disposed on the impactportion opposite the handle end; and an electrical discharge moduleremovably installed within the impact portion, the electrical dischargemodule comprising a silicon controlled rectifier in circuit with thebattery to conduct a substantially constant electrical discharge acrossthe plurality of external electrical contacts.
 9. The modular personaldefense device according to claim 8, wherein: the output end cap isremovably disposed upon the impact portion opposite the handle end, theend cap securing said electrical discharge module within the impactportion of said baton.
 10. The modular personal defense device accordingto claim 8, further including an elongate extension rod selectivelyattached concentrically to the handle end of said baton, the extensionrod having a distal end, the distal end having an irritant spraycartridge chamber defined therein adapted for receiving an irritantspray cartridge.
 11. The modular personal defense device according toclaim 8, further including: an irritant spray canister removablyattached to, and radially extending from, the impact portion of saidbaton, the canister having an output end; and a directionally adjustableoutlet and guard cap assembly disposed over the output end of theirritant spray canister.
 12. The modular personal defense deviceaccording to claim 8, further including a plurality of impact ribslongitudinally and externally disposed along the impact portion of saidbaton.
 13. (canceled)
 14. The modular personal defense device accordingto claim 8, further including: an electrical discharge module masterswitch; and an electrical discharge module interrupt switch, the masterswitch and the interrupt switch being connected in series with thebattery.
 15. A modular personal defense device, comprising: a hard,rigid, elongate, hollow baton having a handle portion with a handle endand an impact portion opposite the handle portion and handle end; and anelongate extension rod selectively attached concentrically to the handleend of said baton, the extension rod having a distal end, the distal endhaving an irritant spray cartridge chamber defined therein adapted forreceiving an irritant spray cartridge.
 16. The modular personal defensedevice according to claim 15, further including: a replaceable outputmodule removably installed within the impact portion of said baton; andan output end cap removably disposed upon the impact portion oppositethe handle end, the end cap securing said output module within theimpact portion of said baton.
 17. The modular personal defense deviceaccording to claim 15, further including at least one lethal weaponattachment fitting disposed upon said baton.
 18. The modular personaldefense device according to claim 15, further including: an irritantspray canister removably attached to and radially extending from theimpact portion of said baton, said canister having an output end; and adirectionally adjustable outlet and guard cap assembly disposed over theoutput end of said irritant spray canister.
 19. The modular personaldefense device according to claim 15, further including a plurality ofimpact ribs longitudinally and externally disposed along the impactportion of said baton.
 20. The modular personal defense device accordingto claim 15, wherein: said output module is selected from the groupconsisting of high intensity electrical discharge modules, highintensity sound emitting modules, and high intensity light emittingmodules; said handle end defines a battery compartment having electricalcontacts adapted for mating with electrical contacts disposed on saidoutput module; and said baton further includes an output module masterswitch and an output module interrupt switch connected in series withthe battery compartment electrical contacts.